My two dogs (both large breeds) grew up with my two adult cats, but I recently moved back home and adopted three kittens.
What I've learned is that it's really about each critter having their own "safe space" (or at least a place that they can retreat to) during the introduction process.
After bringing kitten home, allow kitten to decompress in a separate, closed-off room (a bathroom or a bedroom) and allow dog to do a thorough sniff of the carrier that kitten arrived in. You can do similar "scent-swapping" for the kitten by rubbing a towel or a sock over the dog to gather up her scent, and then allow the kitten to sniff it. Expect some early hisses XD Keep swapping in scent-drenched towels and start leaving them in the room with the kitten so kitten can get used to the scent.
Always closely observe early interactions. Have special treats on hand for both the dog and the kitten so that the interactions are all positive!
Both of my dogs are high-energy working breeds (a German Shepherd/livestock guardian dog mix and a Belgian Malinois) and they're both wonderful with the cats and have never shown a bit of aggression or prey drive towards any of the cats. I made sure to stretch out the "introduction" phase over several weeks, however, so everyone had a LOT of time to get used to the scent, sight, and sounds of each other while still being safely kept apart physically.
My Belgian Malinois' best friend is my youngest kitten (6 months old.) They took two weeks to get used to each other and now they wrestle (well, mostly it's the kitten pouncing the big dog's face or paws) and the dog is always extremely gentle with the kitten.
Take things slow and all will be well :)