You are lucky to have caught this, OP. As splenic tumours are prone to rupturing/catastrophic sudden bleeding, a lot of the time the first clue they are there is sudden death. So it's great that your vet has diagnosed this in time to operate.
What to expect afterwards will depend on what type of mass it is, and whether it has spread yet.
If it is a malignant (cancerous) type, and it has already spread (the vet will look around during surgery to see), then survival time post op may be short - possibly only weeks/months. However, if it has not spread, then your dog could do well for a very long time - months or years.
If it is a benign (non cancerous) splenic mass, then that is very good news and your dog could live years and years after surgery.
Statistically studies have shown that splenic masses are benign about 50% of the time. The funny thing about splenic tumours is that they can LOOK horrible and nasty, but still be the benign type; the only way to tell the difference is to send the mass to the lab for analysis. It might be a good idea to do this so that you know what to expect.
You are doing the right thing to operate as there is potential for it to be a very good outcome - fingers crossed. All the best to you and your dog, OP, I hope he flies through surgery and never looks back!