Not a dog, my cat has been having it for 3 years.
She gets 2 tablets once a fortnight alongside a steroid tablet every second day. She has a blood test every few months (it started as every 3, but the vet has gradually increased the gap as time has gone on)
Her fur is a bit finer and paler, she seems to feel the cold more...but, you know, she's a cat and was never exactly fond of it.
Other than that she's well, it's lymphoma she has with masses on her spleen and intestinal tract, they're still there but they are smaller. That was the aim though, extending her life without affecting her quality of life rather than trying to get rid of it (lymphoma is I believe hard to actually put in full remission anyway). If the treatment hadn't agreed with her, it would just have been stopped.
I know with dogs they can try things that are a bit more invasive as they'll tolerate being taken into the vet and being put on a drip without getting as stressed as cats do.
Also what the treatment involves depends on what type of cancer it is.
But the oncologists were much better at spelling out everything than my vet was as understandably my vet wasn't clued up on all the treatments available.