Can I just say something about prostate cancer in dogs. Neutering does not prevent prostate cancer, in fact recent studies have found that there is a slightly higher incidence of prostate cancer in neutered than un-neutered dogs.
It is however, likely to prevent Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatitis, both of which are horrible in terms of pain and discomfort for the dog and are more common, but not exclusive to entire males. The 'treatment' or 'cure' for both conditions is in fact neutering.
As for castration causing fear aggression, I'm sceptical about this as well. It's true that a dog displaying fear aggression prior to castration is unlikey to cease aggressive behaviours afterwards, because the aggression is arising out of fear - not testosterone. If however a dog appears highly hormonally motivated - seeking out bitches, excessive scent marking and seemingly competitively aggressive, castration may go part of the way to helping reduce these behaviours sufficiently that he can be appropriately trained.
I believe there has also been some recent research on the effect of castration on the joints/bones of immature large breeds. I haven't read much about it myself, but it's worth investigating if you want to be fully informed.
Neutering is of course the most advisable course of action for any non-breeding male dog, but a good vet should discuss things like age of maturity for your particular breed/dog and behavioural and health implications and make sure you have all the facts before you book him in.
I have done both. My first male dog (who was a rescue) many, many years ago, was neutered under 12 months - in accordance with both rescue and veterinary advice.
However, our vet advised us to wait until my lurcher was fully mature, because at the time we enquired (which iirc was about 10/11 months) he was still squatting to pee and very much still a puppy. So we delayed getting him done until after he started cocking his leg and settled down a bit.