Perhaps he feels that he has to be "good" at school and with his friends, but that he can release some pressure at home?
As parents of teens, we often get treated as emotional shock absorbers, ie they know that we will always love and care about them so they can be rude with us whereas they wouldn't dream of being that way with a teacher or best friend.
He needs to know, however, that you expect to be treated respectfully and that even if he does lose his temper with you, you expect an apology once he's calmed down and that you will then talk to him about whatever's bothering you.
Remember that at this stage, they're having to cope with big physical and hormonal changes, possibly falling in love for the first time/being rejected, studying for GCSEs, being expected to be cool and popular with their friends etc and it can all get a bit too much sometimes.
If he's getting abusive, maybe he'd benefit from doing something really active to get all that agression out, either running or some other non team sport where he can be by himself, wear himself out physically and get his head together.