Well (Part Three).
When I wrote my last post I anticipated that it would not be long before someone mentioned the prefrontal cortex and the idea that the brain is not fully developed until age 25. I have not been disappointed!
Actually, had it not been mentioned I would have referred to it anyway, because it often comes up on these threads and is used as a justification for treating teenagers in a particular way. But the link posted by Mary was very interesting, especially because the article appears to be based on the exact paper that I planned to link to. In fact, parts seem to have been copied verbatim (although I haven't checked word-for-word so don't quote me on this). The language is simpler - the other is an academic research paper, after all - but it does cover a lot of the main points. I do recommend the paper, however, and I will link to it below. Two points I found especially interesting - which I didn't spot in the more recent article - are as follows:
Teenagers are much better at making good decisions in hypothetical situations where there is no urgency, than in situations which require immediate action and where they are emotionally involved.
The authors of the paper put forward a hypothesis which suggests a plausible, evolutionary reason for a relatively sudden increase in maturity during adolescence.
(Perhaps these are mentioned in the article - I admit to having only skimmed through it so far.)
I'm not an expert on the human brain so I could be completely wrong here, but based on my own experience of seeing teenagers make good decisions I would like to propose an idea (perhaps for further discussion). It is this:
Teenagers who make sub-optimal decisions are hampered by lack of practice. Those teenagers who are given more opportunity to make decisions get better at it.
Certainly in my many years of dealing with teenagers I have tried to give them such opportunities. It seems to me that the role of the parent/teacher/youth leader is to stand back and not interfere - with obvious exceptions where the proposed behaviour is potentially very high risk. In other circumstances, if a poor decision is made, the teenager(s) will learn from their mistake and file that information away for future reference. It is unfortunate that humans seem incapable of learning from other people's pre-existing, ready-made mistakes. But the parent (teacher, etc.) can make use of their previously-made mistakes to anticipate the outcome of any decision their teen makes and be ready to offer tea and sympathy (and not say "I told you so"). I think teenagers are more willing to accept advice after the event than before - especially if the advice before is accompanied by their own decision being overruled.
As a practical example, consider an expedition for the Duke of Edinburgh Award. Supervision is remote so the group are on their own and have to make decisions. The supervisor might anticipate that the group will, at some point, make a navigational error. The skill is in making an informed guess as to where that error is most likely to be made, and where the group will end up as a result. Instead of becoming lost they are merely mislaid. The (adult) supervisor uses their greater experience to provide a safety net for the (teenage) participants, whilst allowing them to act autonomously. So it should be with parenting, in my opinion. There is much talk these days of allowing children to "be children" and "not grow up too soon". I completely agree, but I fear we also run the risk of doing the opposite, and not allowing teenagers to grow up, but rather keep them in an unnatural extended childhood - a situation exacerbated by the financial necessity of people having to live with their parents well into their 20s.
This is getting long. Just two more things:
Some years ago the BBC made a documentary called "Wait until your teacher gets home". The situation is similar enough for you to find it interesting, I think. It's available on YouTube, strangely cut into six short sections. I'll link to the first part, but you need to watch them all to make sense of the solution. It runs for about 55 minutes altogether.
On a lighter note, you (and your DD) might like to read a novel (together?) which, although fiction, describes a similar situation, with lying, secret phone, secret boyfriend (which I suspect may also be a concern). The girl is a little older than your DD, however.
Links:
The Adolescent Brain www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2475802/
Wait until your teacher gets home
Book www.paperweightpress.co.uk/Books/Standalone/AramintaK.htm