I'm so sorry to hear what you are going through. I can sympathise with you. I also get the smashed doors/walls, or he will run away and stay out all night etc. when standing my ground, and I also live in fear of conflicts (as I know either my principles will go, the house will get damaged or he will run away, or all of the above...) It is a really really difficult and heart breaking time/experience.
We also have the weed. It is as the police said to me recently; rife amongst my son's age group around here. My son said to me a while back, 'it's been around me since I was 10'. Unfortunately for me, my sons 14.5 is friends with other kids (from age 12 and up) who smoke weed, as well as those who don/t. It's a small town, and everyone kind of knows everyone. They can get drugs at a click of a button on social media/text messages. It is a complete and utter nightmare.
I have had to take a step back. I talk a lot to my son. I talk to him about weed/alcohol and other drugs. I know that he sometimes smokes and sometimes drink. I confront him and challenge him when I can. I have had to open the doors of communication and take a different approach to it as I found I was unable to stop him going out and doing what he is doing by force. I still don't know what to do. I feel completely and utterly ashamed.
I don't have the stealing, though and he is well behaved around family/friends. He is an intelligent boy (other than the weed/alcohol) who is sensible overall, however struggles to follow his own advice at times. Peer pressure is enormous.
I just want to say, you are not alone! I am also a single mum (of 3) and I do not know how we are going to get through these next years. It is bloody hard.
Like previous poster I would recommend setting your limits in some way and sticking to them, I am also trying to master this, as like you I know it is not 'safe'. Sometimes it is a case of stating what is okay/not okay for you and knowing that you have made your point, even though you cannot control what he actually does. Stick to your principles in any way you can, without putting your self at risk. And ask for help/support!
My son's school have been very supportive, despite my son being a real challenge when confronted/told off. Anger issues and attitude.
Good luck and take care. The Get out of my life book is very good.