There's a lot of misinformation in your OP which is not surprising considering there's is much scaremongering and misinformation from non scientific activist groups like EWG.
The skincare industry isn't the main body advising sunscreen, it's the WHO, professional dermatology asscoiations worldwide, skin cancer prevention organisations, health ministries practically everywhere, etc. They're not all in it to profit off sunscreen sales and the skincare industry itself has only been on the SPF bandwagon the last ten years at most. The reason for that, it's not a money spinner (development, regulations, quality control make it costly) so they've never been interested in investing much advertising budget to it and that's still the case. The added emphasis on use of SPF has mostly come from dermatologists and skincare bloggers gaining a social media platform (but so has the everything chemical is going to kill us crowd).
Vitamin D malabsorption has only ever been a theoretical supposition. More recent scientific reviews however show there isn't any evidence of any correlation, some studies even found regular sunscreen users had better vitamin D levels (likely down to lifestyle though, a regular sunscreen user is more likely to be outdoorsy, etc.). Realistically speaking, in Northern Europe you're not going to be able to get all the vitamin D from the sun, anyhow, you'll need to supplement it. The Vikings did it with fermented cod liver oil and there was no sunscreen back then.
Damage to coral reefs, again, is greatly exaggerated and doesn't hold up to scrutiny.
There's a lot of scaremongering around absorption, when it's very much the dose that makes the poison. You'd need to be ingesting (ie. drinking) liters of sunscreen daily for many many years for it to harm you.
Now if you still don't want to take that minor risk, stick with non-nano physical (titanium and zinc oxide) sunscreens. No absorption as their particle size makes it impossible to be absorbed through the skin, they're not chemical (the mining of these ingredients is, however, not the best for the environment but that's the case for a lot of clean/natural beauty raw ingredients). They're not the most pleasant to use and will likely leave a white cast but if that's what will ease your mind just go with that.
I'd also suggest reading/watching Labmuffin beauty who is a Chemist PhD and cosmetic scientists whose gone over many of your concerns in a lot more depth then I can/have.