You have fallen into a classic trap of wanting the punishment to "hurt" so you have made it so long that it has ended up extending so far into the future it is now meaningless and you have run out of things to remove so are having to remove things at random.
This is not helpful - punishment is not especially helpful as a strategy anyway, but this is one of the less effective ways to use it. Particularly with ADHD, the impact will be lost fairly quickly because the child just gets used to not having the thing which has been taken away from them and adapts to living without it.
Then losing things totally at random because it is the next thing your parents can think of to reach for is likely to feel unfair and he will take it personally, it also won't help him to change his behaviour. In fact it will likely entrench in him a feeling that he is right and you are against him, which will probably make him more combative in the future.
IME using punishment with ADHD works best if you target a specific, usually a single issue (possibly 2-3 but I would honestly just start with one). If he is using swear words that would be the thing to target, but crucially, that means you ignore absolutely everything else. So ignore the nose snorting thing, ignore him ranting and raving. Walk away and say "I don't like being spoken to like that. I'll be here if you want any help."
Identify in your own head/with DH, what the banned behaviour is and what you are looking for in its place. Make sure this is realistic - so for example, if you're targeting swearing, then an improvement might be him using a rude/agitated tone and maybe insulting but not actually swearing. Or if the swearing is infrequent then you could probably target insulting but include swearing in it. It needs to be really clear where the line is otherwise he's likely to not understand what you are looking for, and you won't make any progess.
If he does the thing you have banned, then you inform him (either right then or later, when he is calmer) that he has lost e.g. 10 mins screen time. Now you will probably laugh and say don't be ridiculous, he won't care about losing 10 minutes at a time. This is true, and it's because this is a bit of a mindset shift. The point of the punishment is not to hurt him and make him suffer for his behaviour. It's to draw a line under it and make it clear which bits are completely unacceptable. The amount of time you remove has to be small enough that even on a bad day, you do not run out of time to remove. A good rule of thumb is consider how often the behaviour happens on an average day, double this, divide normal daily screen time allowance by this number, round it off, there's your amount to remove per infraction.
The aim is that he doesn't run out of things to lose, because this allows him to actually perceive the loss - he can tell that some days he gets 30 mins and some days an hour and some days maybe only 10 mins. This also helps (all of you) to see progress or not. It resets every day. That means that every day he has a fresh chance and a new slate to try to stick to the accepted guidelines. You have to also meet him where he is at. If he is consistently failing to meet your expectation, don't increase the punishment, lower the bar (temporarily). So if you target "rude tone" and he is constantly losing time and nothing is improving, change it to be more specific. Target specific language, gestures, or e.g. name calling. Once you have successfully eliminated a behaviour (like swearing) you can move on to the next (like volume or tone). However, the expected behaviour needs to be realistic, and you can't have double standards. So if you don't want him shouting at you that you are being rude, don't shout at him that he is being rude (even if he absolutely is!) Find a way to communicate that you don't like how he is speaking, which you would find acceptable if he said it to you. Children with ADHD often don't understand why there are different standards for adults and children, and TBF they have a point. He might also struggle to recognise his own tone or volume - this is a genuine difficulty for people with ADHD. You can't always fix everything with behaviour management because sometimes it's something the person struggles to even control.
I said right at the start that punishment is not hugely effective- you have to also balance this by recognising when he is doing well and/or working on the skills which you want him to replace the unwanted behaviour with. Often praising in the moment will not go well but you could reflect later in the day maybe at bedtime saying hey I noticed today, you were angry about X and you were shouting but you didn't call us any names. That's brilliant - I'm so proud of you, well done. Or on a day which has gone badly you might be able to reflect later on and say OK - let's make a plan for tomorrow so you can keep more of your screen time, what happened today, what could you do differently?
The other thing which would be helpful to understand based on your post is the idea that children with ADHD often have a very sensitive meter for escalation. We all (humans) tend to match the energy of those we are interacting with, it's a very widespread thing. With ADHD, the unconscious "meter" which registers everyone else's energy level is a bit too springy and will exaggerate, so they register the slightest bit of irritation or frustration and will zoink! up from 0-60 really fast and respond at that level (whereas you might have been at about level 25). Then your meter registers their level 60 and will want to respond in kind. This is not helpful because that will continue to escalate him up which will escalate you up and so on. So the key to this is to recognise that he is the one with the faulty meter and you need to be the calibrator, so to speak, and be much much calmer and present this calm, rational, de-escalating front no matter what you feel inside, to try and bring him back down to a lower level, OR, you can disengage - this models that when you are starting to feel yourself riled up, you take a break rather than engage at that wound up level, which is exactly what you want him to do eventually (you will likely need to work up to this - it's too much of a jump to expect him to do it in one go.)
Medication helps enormously with their meter being so springy, but I appreciate you're not at that stage of the process yet, so you'll have to manage it manually until that happens.
ADHD Dude might be really helpful especially for your husband. Or possibly the book "How Not To Murder your ADHD Kid" depending on his sense of humour.