All pupil's progress are tracked on a graph - there is a progress projection graph for each pupil. This is set when the children are first assessed at school. When children 'fall below the line' then they are normally given some sort of intervention.
This intervention is usually group work in whatever area of concern is. It is usually delivered by TAs who follow a program. Catch up reading, Springboard Maths, Max's Marvellous Maths are some of them.
If it is believed the child is able but requires a 'boost' then they are in line for some 1-1. These are extra to the school day and teachers are paid to deliver this. This focusses on KS2 children mostly. This is a government scheme and used nationally. Only those children who they believe who would truly 'benefit' from this (i.e reach the magic target) are given it
There are many many reasons why kids under perform. They may not actually be 'ready' to jump through the hoops the government set out for them. Some of them come to school with f**k all breakfast and watch scary films in the evening (I have year 2s who watch totally inappropriate tv). Some teachers are crap. All my current SEN kids are due to shite parenting. None have an actual 'problem' - other than their social issues. Of course you can't blame the poor results on the SEN kids but areas of social deprivation have more SEN kids than 'naice' areas.
Do we get told off if the kids don't reach the target? No, but the headteacher will be pressured and the county will be watching the school like a hawk. Then there will be endless visit from a 'county advisor' about 'how to improve'. Annoying - a bit like a bluebottle bashing it's head on a window.
How can you make the school care about whether your DD makes her targeted progress?
I don't know if you can. Do you know the name of the SEN Inclusion Advisor? You could speak to them.
School is like a factory. It turns out children mostly the same. They hope they cover enough bases and learning styles for each child. They hope to teach each child enough to cover themselves. They don't really consider the individuals or take on board those who are different from the norm (or if they do, they hope they are 'too different')