Sounds to me like she just cannot self-settle so you need her to learn to self settle. Everyone (adults/children/babies) has sleep cycles of about 2 hours, after which we might be slightly disturbed in our sleep, roll over and start another sleep cycle. Your daughter cannot do the 'just turn over and go back to sleep' thing.
You cannot teach her how to do this because you are not inside her body. She has to learn for herself that when she wakes, she does not need to get up, call you, be fed etc. She just has to turn over and go back to sleep.
I am a hard woman when I need to be. But I am the grown up with my children so I do know best, even when it isn't very nice. I did CC with DC1. I didn't need to with my other children since I didn't make the same mistakes again.
So when I did this with DC1 she screamed for about 3 hours then slept then woke and screamed for another three hours and slept the first night. Screamed for half an hour then slept all night second night. Screamed for 10 minutes and slept all night third night. Then it was sorted.
The scare mongering about cortisol levels increasing - you need to take that in context. Studies on stress levels are about prolonged increased levels - so in children who are abused or neglected. Children who constantly spend their life being scared all of the time, for months and years at a time.
A few hours of screaming per night for a few nights (certainly no more than a week) is not what these studies about cortisol levels increasing are about. It's probably a lot less crying than your DD did as a newborn (like all newborns).