The totally foreseeable problems now are:
Very unstable geopolitics
Economic decline in democratic countries (exacerbated in our case by the economic mismanagement we've been discussing...)
Likelihood of further global pandemics
Climate change will result in global food and energy shortages and population movements on a scale never seen before. Therefore, energy and food security should be top of any Government's agenda. And water security. Absurd to be in a country with so much rainfall that can't manage its water system appropriately. Large parts of the UK will also become subject to flooding far more regularly and nothing significant is being done about this.
The pace of change in technology will be a paradigm shift. Many current jobs will become obsolete, and these changes will happen faster than in previous industrial revolutions. How this is managed without civil unrest, new social systems put in place to cope, education adapted to be appropriate, etc, is a huge challenge. AI also poses a huge risk in terms of misuse by unfriendly regimes in terms of hacking and warfare. Or simply fuckup: not understanding the consequences of something done until too late.
We also have a situation where birth rates in every country outside sub-saharan Africa are falling off a cliff so there will be a massive population shortfall which is incredibly hard to reverse once the trend has set in. More family-friendly policies are urgently required to avert this, as it won't be possible to plug the gap with skilled immigration as we do currently.
Those are the medium to long-term problems Governments need to be solving i.e. putting plans in place for now. Shorter-term they need to be fixing the UK infrastructure, tax system, education funding, healthcare and pensions model as discussed earlier. All of that should have been done 30 years back but is now urgent.
Frankly I don't see that we have a single politician on either side of the HOC up to the job, proposing any policies that are going to make any significant difference to the UK outlook, sadly.