Xenia,
I agree with you that good schools are vital, and high standards are very important.
But I think that "soft" subjects can also be taught to a high standard, in which case universities would no longer find them unacceptable. I wish I had had the chance to study philosophy at school. This is probably classed as a "soft" subject, but there is nothing soft about it if taught to a high standard. It is one of the highest forms of thought that mankind is capable of. The extra choice of subjects that schools now offer is great, but they must be of a high standard.
I agree with you that many private schools are very good, otherwise parents would not fork out the cash to pay for them. But there are many great state schools too, and many state school pupils will be far brighter than the pupils in private schools, who were lucky enough to have parents who could afford the fees.
Where I think I disagree with you is on the "survival of the fittest" type viewpoint. You have been very successful, but I doubt it is due to you being the "fittest". Your hard work and skills have been the major factor, but Lady Luck also helped you and fortune smiled on you.
There will be many people "fitter" than you, who have not been as successful.
"There is an argument that once you've given equal opportunities then after a time those at the bottom are those rightly there and that social mobility will therefore ease off correctly but I doubt we are at that point."
I think in general you see it as those at the top deserve to be where they are through their intrinsic qualities of fitness, and those at the bottom end up where they are due to their lack of fitness.
The problem with this view is that it fails to take into account that those at the bottom are not on a level playing field, they do not get the same equality of opportunity, they do not receive the same level of input. They are not lucky enough to go to the best schools and therefore their innate ability may possibly never be developed to the same extent as the more fortunate children at the top.
We know that many members of the royal family are not the sharpest pencils in the drawer. Even with all the best tutoring available, their grades were not too good. Many poor children on sink estates would have far surpassed them, if they had had access to the same quality of tuition that the royals had. There is huge ability and potential in the children at the bottom, but it may never be tapped if the quality of education that they receive is not good. Hardly any of the child prodigies that we read about in the papers, the majority of them home-schooled by their parents, come from the top of society.
When I was doing my degree, I used to offer personal maths tuition. One little fellow I used to teach was up for an 'E' grade. He proudly told me how he started to raise his hand in class and answer questions. The teacher used to say to him "what's happened to you, are you feeling well?". He never let on that he was having lessons, but was chuffed to show how good he was. He phoned me to tell me that he got a 'C' grade in the exam. I was slightly disappointed because I knew without a doubt that he could have got an 'A' if he had had a longer time with me. There was also an ex-pat family that had returned to the UK and the son wanted to get an apprenticeship at an engineering company. Unfortunately he had failed the maths test, but the company did allow him to try the exam again. I went to their house and gave him 7 or 8 lessons, based on the concepts covered in the exam. He phoned me up to tell me that he had got 100% on the exam. Without lessons, he would never have passed the exam and never have got the job. All of these children are very capable, they just need good tuition.
As Edison said "genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration", and often the poor children at the bottom work harder than the children at the top, who may rest on their laurels.