A key thing is to talk about possible scenarios in advance, at a time when the child is calm and not tired and willing to co-operate.
This is an approach that we have used extensively with some considerable success. It is time-consuming, but we've found it very effective:
This approach was developed by Oden (1986) identifying the following high-utility social skills concepts:
Participation
getting started
getting involved
paying attention to the activity
trying to do your best
Cooperation
taking turns
sharing the game or materials
repairing problems through making suggestions
providing an alternative in the event of disagreement
Communication
talking with another person
saying things about the game or self
asking a question about the game or person
listening attentively when another person talks
looking at the other person to see how s/he's doing
Friendly-fun-nice
giving attention to the other person
saying something nice when the other person does well
smiling appropriately
having fun
offering help or suggestions
giving encouragement
In teaching these concepts, Oden recommends the following sequence:
Step 1: Suggest concept (eg cooperation).
Step 2: Probe child's knowledge of the concept and request examples.
Step 3: Repeat and rephrase child's appropriate examles, and disconfirm and redirect inappropriate examples.
Step 4: Probe child's understanding of counter-concepts and examples.
Step 5: Repeat and rephrase child's examples and clarify that these are (or are not) counter-examples of the concept.
Step 6: Probe child's understanding and reasoning of different social consequences of the social behavioural examples and the counter-examples for each concept, from both his/her perspective and that of the other child/person.
Step 7: Check to see if child remembers one or two examples for each conept. Review each concept and suggest examples which were not mentioned or remembered.
Step 8: Suggest that child try out some of the instructed concepts in a session to follow immediately (i.e. apply this coaching method prior to a party, or other social situation).
Step 9: Discuss the ideas after the social situation, and review how successful they were.