Roisin - is yours a primary or secondary?
At my primary school, the following happens:
Rewards:
Each class has a variation on the following:
Individuals earn pinecones which they hang on a "tree" in the classroom. When we get to 20 cones, the whole class gets a reward such as an extra playtime, watching an episode of Charlie & Lola, a drink of milkshake, some popcorn etc. We do this about once a week.
In addition, children can get a "catch me" fish if they are caught by anyone in the school doing something helpful or responsible. These are hung in a net in the library at the centre of the school for everyone to see.
Also, weekly work awards and class star awards. Work awards are for classwork (obviously!), star awards are for doing something to help the whole class run more smoothly (ie. behaviour, effort etc.)
We try to give positive feedback to parents at the end of the day as often as possible to help us build and maintain relationships with them.
Sanctions: This is tricky because ours is a school with some children with fairly extreme behaviour. Many of them have individual behaviour plans, with pre-agreed sanctions (including parents being phoned to come into school, or children going home). For those who don't have behaviour plans, minor misdemeanours are ignored as often as possible. These minor misdemeanours would probably warrant action in other schools, but not ours. If children refuse to take part in either whole class time, or group time, they are given the choice again of joining in then, or completing it in their own time later - ie. during play or lunchtime with the teacher.
We also work extremely hard to ensure that no-one raises their voice to any child. As as staff we try to ensure that we don't escalate a situation, and will do our best to diffuse it through calm and warm discussion and behaviour.
If a child is being disruptive, they may be removed from the classroom by the teaching assistant and given the chance to talk about what is upsetting them in a quiet and calm environment.
We have a school policy of trying very hard not to speak to parents straight from the playground if we can possibly help it. If a child's behaviour has been inappropriate, we phone the parents at home, or write to them and ask them to come and discuss it with them. At all costs, we seek to build and maintain relationships with parents and we know from experience and conversation with parents that they feel embarrassed and worried if we ask to speak to them at the end of the day.
That sounds quite woolly when written down, but it's a really well thought out set of strategies.