"What’s confusing is that someone who put one of the schools as their fourth choice was offered a place, so I honestly don’t understand how the allocation works."
People often get confused about this because they are asked to fill in a form with their school preferences but they think they are making choices.
The best way to think of it, IMO, is this:
- The form is asking 'if you had your way, which schools would your child go to'
- the LA website will warn parents (and the phrasing may differ slightly between them) 'make sure you choose wisely'.
- The order you place your preferences in only matters if you can be offered more than one school.
- None of the schools know where you placed them on your form.
- When the application deadline is up, the admitting authority (most likely the LA, but sometimes a school) has a list of all the children who applied for a place.
It's all done by computer, but if it was a paper exercise, it might go like this:
- Each school has those children ranked in order of priority for the place. Imagine a PAN of 60. A red line is drawn under the 60th place. The list gets sent back.
-the LA looks at the lists and then picks a child's name. Albert Atkins. School A, D, and E have all said they can take him. He's a lucky chap. His Mum placed School D as his first preference.
- Schools A & E have his name taken off their lists, and everyone else below the 60th line moves up a spot.
-This process continues until
everyone who is above the line for each school has a place. If Sally Smith could only be taken by school B, she gets the spot. If Derek Dean could be taken by A & C, he gets whichever one of them he preferred, and then the other takes him off the list to free up a space.
-Everyone gets the school that is highest on their list, that can take them.
All good.
But, not everyone will get above the red line in any of their 3 choices (or 4, 5, 6, depending on area). What to do with them? Well, if a school is full, it's full. So then, the LA has to rank all the children against the criteria for the schools that do have places, and see who gets above the line. Each child will be placed in the nearest school that has places. However by this point, schools which a child may have qualified for if they had been on their list may be full with children who did ask to go there. So you get situations where someone quite close to a school doesn't get a place there because they didn't list it in their preferences.
Similarly, if someone is 0.3 miles away from a school but only placed them 6th preference, they will still be given the place over someone who put them first but lives 0.6 miles away, if they are both in the same category and the person who put them 6th didn't get a place at schools 1-5.