statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Education-and-Skills/Schools-and-Teachers/Examinations-and-Assessments/Key-Stage-3-Core-Subjects
All learners in their final year of Key Stage 3 must be assessed through teacher assessments. The general expectation is that the majority of 14 year olds will attain level 5 in each subject.
Witin the same school report I've had some teacher give predicted levels they expect at end of KS3 and others give what our child was currently testing at - so first thing I'd do is contact that teacher and ask what this level is refering to and go from there.
The end of KS2 they expect most children to be Level 4 - but
KS2 level 4 is not equivalent to KS3 level 4.
Though noting he was at expected level at end of primary - and then asking why he suddenly not expected to pass GCSE after 6 months of secondary school would be one of my first questions.
He had been predicted a level 5 to leave primary with, but that all went out the window with Covid and getting no science lessons from March to July
My current Y7 got no work end of last year - her end of Y6 - the Primary washed their hands of academic home learning completely. Her school wasn't only primary around her to do that either.
At secondary she never had a lesson in the science labs yet - as they confined them to one room most of the year and were only just allowing them to go to PE block or IT labs before Chirstmas.
which is arguably better than waiting until year 11 when it may be clear whether or not he will pass, but too late to do very much.
In wales exams aren't all at end of Y11.
For triple science it was 45% exams for each subject end of Y10 - the practical 10 % should have been start of Y11 first term at least at her school and then remaining 45% in exams end of Y11.
DD1 first first proper GCSE assesments. were in first term of Y10 and first GCSE exam after Christmas Y10. One of the big difference is exams and assesments seem to be more constant throughout GCSE courses here.
I don't know if its just my DC school but they limit number taking triple science GCSE to just one class - so now Y9 you need to be in top science group to be allowed to take triple science.
So if there are problems may well be even more important to do something sooner rather than later.