What we know is effective:
Retrieval practice: the act of trying to remember something flags it as ‘important’ in your brain and makes you more likely to remember it in the future. So instead of simply reading a page about the causes of WWII, it would be more effective to try to remember the causes of WWII, write them down and then compare to the page and add new items.
Organising information into easier to remember formats: Instead of trying to learn a written history account, put it into a timeline or mindmap, or flash cards. A labelled diagram is more useful than an unlabelled diagram and a descriptive text.
Self-testing - doing quizzes, testing with flash cards etc
Interleaved practice: don’t answer a whole bunch of questions of the same type then move on - e.g. in maths if you do a whole set of questions on percentage change, then a whole set on reverse percentages, it won’t be as effective as doing a load of mixed questions on percentages where you have to decide on which method is appropriate as well as applying it effectively.
Little and often, repeated at spaced intervals over time. Cramming the night before an exam may be ok for that exam but it all instantly falls out of your brain after the exam which means you have to start again from scratch for the next exam.
What is not effective:
Reading a passage
Spending lots of time highlighting and making notes look pretty
Watching a video but doing no questions or follow-up work
In maths: doing questions but not marking your work and if you do mark your work not doing anything about the ones you got wrong
Spending ages on subjects that you enjoy or the areas you are good at instead of tackling your weak areas