Noble, funny you should mention deciles.
This was going to be my reply to cantkeepawayforever.
I disagree that only schools with the same prior attainment can be compared, although it helps.
A selective school will probably have a high proportion of high prior attainers – which can be compared to a non-selective school using the same criteria (i.e. not their headline figure). The underlying data contains A8/P8 for low, middle, high prior attainers.
I would like to see the headline figures being Gender Progress values, not a school figure (A8 on it's own is fairly meaningless). The average P8 figures (2016 mainstream schools) are 0.08 (Girls) and -0.18 (Boys) – a significant difference. As a parent of a boy I’m considerably more interested in how Boys perform at a school, so a P8 of zero for Boys is good.
Then have the same for Low/Middle/High prior attainers, then for Decile prior attainers. Again, I'm interested in how pupils of roughly the same level as my DC perform.
For attainment I would have an average point score, like A-level, rather than an absolute value.
Low prior attainers are disadvantaged – a couple of years ago 10% of pupils didn’t take English Lit – so their A8 English slot is compromised. Also, Low prior attainers do not take as many GCSEs so may not fill all the A8 slots.
If the A8 figure was an average point score over all subjects taken then that would get round some of it. Again you could have a breakdown at Low/Middle/High and Deciles.
You could also have a breakdown at subject level – English, Maths, Science, Humanities, MFL, Others and have an Ebacc one if required.