Hi HeadMeetDesk:
I've had similar experiences of a child coming from a 'coasting primary' and finding adjusting to secondary a bit tricky.
The thing we've tried to work on is the virtuous circle concept of homework.
If you do your homework thoroughly there are rewards:
merit points
understanding the concept
well prepared for in-class tests
well prepared for end of year exam
Most importantly for DD1 is that our state school does not set in Y7 - so she totally gets that doing well improves her chances of moving into a higher set and escaping more disruptive pupils.
I have to say that it hasn't been easy to get to this armistice of DD1 doing a thorough job on her homework - but inch by inch over the year we've got there.
Our issues were multiple:
Finished homework was considered more important than well done homework. At first DD1 would just rush through worksheets/ essays/ art projects - get it done and get off to play/ watch tv/ read.... It was a real battle to make her realise that poorly written, sloppy, misspelled homework wasn't finished and showed little effort. In part this was a hangover from her primary where homework feedback was always a tick with no comment & very infrequent. She just didn't see that homework could have value.
Moreover post 11+ and at a school with a no homework policy (once Gove dropped homework requirements in primary schools) - she got used to doing very little indeed in the run up to year 7 (which in hindsight was a real mistake and made the transition to a culture where working hard gets you noticed/ gets you rewards all the more tricky).
Her first Science report project came home and she wrote complete gobbledygook about a chemical solely based on Wikipedia where she clearly had only copied large chunks of text and didn't even understand what she'd written. I read what she'd been writing & went on to wikipedia - reading wikipedia out to her and asking her to check what she'd written. I explained this was plagiarism (and obvious at that, as she would never naturally write in that way) and that you can get chucked out of a University for doing this - so it is definitely not a habit she wants to get into.
I then encouraged her to start again - starting with the good old BBC Bitesize website and then trying a few searches on google. We made a few great discoveries - including the fabulous University of Nottingham Periodic Table videos: www.periodicvideos.com/ & the Royal Institution My Favourite element videos: www.richannel.org/collections/2012/my-favourite-element
DD1 huffed and puffed, sighed and cried (well whined really) - but in the end kind of got into it and we both learned a ton. We researched over several evenings in smallish bites of 30 - 45 minutes & then she wrote up an outline (30 minutes) and then wrote out her report (1 hour or so). She ended up writing several pages with a few drawings/ tables of information. The end result was a Well Done!
from the teacher and her first merit points on a homework.
I'll be honest - I resented taking so much time to help her with the assignment at the time - but to be honest she wasn't equipped at that point to tackle it. She'd never had to do anything like that before and was at a school where the majority of kids were from the better primary and had regularly had projects like this for homework.
Any as a result of the merit points and smiley note she was hooked on working hard on her homework. She started to do that bit more on all her homework and started raking in the merit points. Her motivation was simple - I want to have the most merit points (they use an on-line merit point system - so she can see her relative position in the school).
Then she started to get better results on her tests - even more reason to work hard on the homework.
and... slowly but surely... we got there. She has book marked her favourite websites and tends to do her own work these days - I just hear about it because she comes in to read me her essay/ report/ etc... or show me her art work.
Now I do have one advantage in all of this - DD1 in Science/ Maths mad and wants to be an engineer - so I really push the idea that she needs to do well at GCSE for both subjects (especially as AS levels are to be dropped - Universities will soon only be able to judge on GCSE and predicted A-Level scores to base offers on) - so I can use that against her. So my other piece of advice is try to find out or work with your DS to work out what he might like to do in future and then explore what is required to do that. It can really help to make doing well in certain subjects a priority. And I certainly found that spills over into performance in subjects which are less interesting to your child.
I think the only other thing I'd raise with your DS would be to point out where he would be going to school (I presume local state school) if he were to loose his bursary. Sometimes kids don't get the financial sacrifice but they do get that actually they don't want to go to this or that school. So that may be a useful tool to motivate your DS in your arsenal.
HTH & keep fighting the good fight! He's lucky to have you in his corner 