I was a teacher for 17 years (state sector) before I had my children. I have worked in inner cities; a small village school and was a head of Key Stage in a very large primary school. I was also a Special Needs Co-Ordinator for 5 years and was seconded as an Early Years advisory teacher for a while.....so whilst I'm not saying I know it all (no-one ever does), I've been around a bit I guess! For what it's worth, based on what I've seen, here goes, not in any particular order: our education system needs........
smaller classes for better individual attention and therefore, obviously, more teachers
more specialist teachers
high expectations of discipline and the notion that "respect has to be earned" turned on its head in schools. Respect for authority should be a pupil's DEFAULT position. Respect for their pupils should be a teacher's DEFAULT position. If either party behaves inappropriately, they can expect others to lose respect for them.
better provision for children with special needs. Inclusion shouldn't just mean a place at a mainstream school, it should mean plenty of additional help so that the child can access everything on offer and teachers aren't struggling to cope.
stop constant testing and churning out statistics and allow teachers to teach. Huge piles of filled-in forms and neat paperwork does not mean a teacher's necessarily any good, but it does mean that they're probably knackered and demoralised.
Much as I hate to say it, a lot of this boils down to money and therefore state sector funding BUT, good discipline costs nothing and if nobody's listening, it doesn't matter how good a teacher you are. (Spend money to do some of the above and discipline problems would decrease, granted)
Sorry for the rant, I'm just putting the "kick me" sign on my back as I press "enter".............