You can definitely get out of this way of communicating. Sorry for the long answer but this could have been me at one point.
I was in a similar situation to you - apart from the arguments we were a good couple, everything was right (not perfect - who's life is perfect) but the arguments were just horrible.
As other posters have pointed out, there does seem to be quite a number of issues which continue unresolved.
Are all your arguments circular, all taking the same shape, form, same kind of stuff getting dragged up?
From my own experience, CBT highlighted something which is so obvious I just feel stupid having not figured it out myself.
We would collude not to discuss any of the contentious issues when we were getting on - the idea being that these issues would just cause arguments so just don't speak about them. Of course, the only time we would speak about them was when we would be shouting and balling and everything would be heaped on. As a result, these issues would never be discussed calmly or reasonably, always when we had lost it. Arguments would be so horrible that it would take days to recover from and then you would just be glad to be at peace.
Following some CBT, it became very clear there are many different better ways.
Now, when there is an issue to discuss, one or other of us asks when would be good to fix a time to talk about it. We schedule it in, which gives us both time to think about what we want to say. We make a nice meal and talk reasonably. This almost always works. If one or other has had enough they ask that we leave it and come back to it another time. It is brilliant.
One other big problem of mine was that if something annoyed me, I wouldn't mention it, I'd just keep it to myself to "keep the peace". Then when I had PMT I'd let it all out. I would use the PMT anger mode as an opportunity to get it all out. He would be defensive as he would be getting everything thrown (not literally) at him and of course things would become huge and horrible, just as you describe, perhaps not quite so violent but certainly aggressive.
Since CBT, I don't let things build up. If something is bothering me I bring it up at an opportune moment and in a postive nice way and surprise surprise, the issue is usually accepted by him and resolved quite nicely.
The best benefit is that when we do have a big disagreement or tempers are frayed - I have no ammunition in my pack so to speak so the argument just has to die out, or you just sound stupid.
Unfortunately, I didn't get help until after my first child was born. I suppose, prior to this we were only harming each other, but as soon as a baby comes into the mix you see that there is just absolutely no way it could continue. There is no way we could bring children up in a house where these arguments were a regular occurence (not daily, just monthly or even 2 monthly). I realised if we didn't get it under control we would have to split up.
Ultimately, I had to acknowledge that the way I was dealing with things were not working and were utterly corrosive. It took a lot for me to do this, it was always easier just to blame everything on him. I went to my GP (who just happens to be brilliant luckily) and she referred me to a really good cognitive behavioural therapist.
Obviously CBT gave me much more than what I've mentioned.
I think this is such a good time for you to try and sort this out and get some help. It'll help you both discuss your big issues of babies and money and resolve them.
I mean, don't get me wrong, there are always relapses and we are not perfect but the regular crazy arguments are just gone.
Life now is good, its as good as I thought it would be when I first fell in love with him.
Things can change - you just need to want them to change.