I feel I shouldn't put up with it
I certainly know what you mean! It's hard to let go of 'standing up for yourself', but what good has that done us? They're not going to change, are they. They do it to make themselves feel powerful. It makes them feel powerful because we react emotionally.
Reacting emotionally just feeds them. It's important to remember they don't much care what they're saying, they simply have a set of insults and criticisms that trigger your reactions. So stop reacting. Do we want to encourage them? No! So stop rewarding them with tears, outbursts, arguments, apologies, justifications, counter-attacks. All that juicy emotion makes him feel important. What a sad little bully.
You know those old ladies who go "Yes, dear" at regular intervals while their husband yammers on about whatever makes him feel important? That's grey rock. With a verbally aggressive person, the point is not to play their game. Their game's called something like Poke Her Until She Does That Upset Thing (Bonus Round: Poke Her For Being Upset).
We've got a different game 😉 It's called Bore Your Bully (Without being Rude). You will succeed in making the attacks so unrewarding, it's hardly worth his effort any more. There are bonuses in this game, too! Now and again, you'll observe him floundering when he'd been sure he'd pushed one of your buttons hard - and nothing happened. Believe me, it's difficult not to laugh when this happens, but it's best to keep the game face on.
The game face is mildly interested. Very mildly. It might be the face of watching your child's twenty-seventh rehearsal of their lines for the school play, or listening to your boss's jargon-filled presentation on the same old new strategy for your department.
The mild responses are similar:
~ Yes, dear
~ Oh, really
~ Mmm
~ Oh, dear
~ Uh-huh
~ I'm not sure
~ I'll get back to you on that
~ What a pity
~ OK
~ Thanks for letting me know
... you get the picture.
Does he rant? Remember, you do not need to interrupt! It's his rant, let him have it. It's all about him, not you. Just wait it out. Distract yourself by timing it or counting how many times he says his pet word. Or thinking about dinner, whatever.
A rant doesn't need a response. Your game is Bore The Bully, and there's nothing more boring than giving someone a maximum rant performance, only for them to nod absent-mindedly and say "OK".
It can be a bit tricky to get started on being pleasantly boring - volatile relationships prime all sorts of irrelevant emotions. The good news is that it's perfectly fine to make someone wait a few seconds for a reply, while you take a slow breath and count to ten in your head. Then you say something pleasantly boring, shut up and get on with whatever you were doing. I was amazed how quickly I got used to it - though sometimes I'd make him wait anyway, because why not?
So how are you feeling, @MissFeatherington? Vaguely pleasant, quietly boring, I hope, and perhaps mildly amused.