It's hard, isn't it. My DH has anxiety and depression and PTSD and is 'Mr Angry' all the freaking time. I was nodding along as I read your post, OP, as I could well have written it myself (though DH doesn't vomit that I know of). It's been going on - and increasing - for over 5 years and I finally, about a month ago, convinced him he needed to go to the GP as I just couldn't live like this any more.
He's now on anti-dep and I'm not sure how much help they are/will be. He's on a waiting list for computer-based counselling (never heard of this before but if it works I'll be their biggest champion). His GP wants to refer him to see whether he is bipolar (quite possible - very strong family history and some of his behaviour fits perfectly). In the meantime, for now, we continue with the daily yelling at everyone through gritted teeth, slammed doors, things ripped out of the kids hands and smashed on the floor when they don't do what he wants, the no patience, the self-loathing.
I really just wanted to say I empathise, but try to get him to consider talking to his GP (easier said than done, i know, took me several years to convince mine!). If the meds aren't helping then they need to be reviewed and possibly changed. If he won't go, then you can contact his GP to explain your concerns - s/he won't be able to discuss your DH's details with you, but s/he will want to know if their patient is unwell, they could ask him to come in for a review if they are concerned enough by your comments.
Also - although I understand pp comments that you should be there to support him, he needs you etc - this may well be the case but we all have a breaking point and I think you, like me, are reaching it. In my case, 5 years of supporting DH (emotionally and financially - I'm the breadwinner), sorting out his messes (he has problems with compulsive behaviour around money and I'm currently - yet again! -
trying to fill a 3k shortfall that he's managed to create), apologising to everyone for his awful temper, making sure he bothers to turn up to pick the kids up from school whilst I'm hours away for work (he's forgotten several times) and trying to make sure he still has a decent relationship with his kids by mediating on a daily basis. There's only so long you can tolerate bad behaviour from someone who is supposed to be your partner. I'm beyond exhausted, exasperated, and - as another pp said - wondering what the heck i get out of all of this. At this point in time I'm hoping we can work through this, but we'll see.
Good luck 