Hard to know, but the jet of the shower would not be against that wall, making sealant failure n that wall unlikely. The jet would be thrown forward along the bath,
I would think a leak in the shower mixer connection inside the wall more likely, dripping down to the floor.
A sealant leak would cause wet at the height of the top of the bath. And would not have such a catastrophic amount of water.
Put this to your insurers.
(If you turn the water on, you might still see a leaking pipe. There would usually be green stain or limescale at and below the leak.)
Off topic, it looks like the pipes, and possibly the mixer, were concealed inside the false wall. This is a cause of great sadness when they go wrong. At the very least you have to smash a hole in the tiles, at the worst you have a hidden leak. I recommend surface-mounted chromed pipes, and a surface mounted mixer.