For some reason I can't get the wider pics to expand so I can't read their labels
But
The thing that has tripped is an RCD, which detects earth leakages. I see you have two, each protecting a row of circuits. Almost certainly, the fault will have been on one of the circuits beside it. The leakage to earth is usually either a heating element in an oven, immersion heater or washing machine, where the sheathing has degraded over time, and allowed moisture penetration; or else water related, such as rain getting into an outdoor lamp or socket, or a kettle, boiler or iron that has an internal leak. Appliances in sheds or cellars can get damp inside.
You will get a clue from looking at the individual circuit labels, and knowing if it was raining.
Much more rarely, it can be caused by a nail or screw in a wall or floor penetrating a hidden cable, and even a cable badly laid under a tight floorboard thar rubs every time someone walks on it and wears away the insulation.
Switching off the MCBs might isolate the fault, but not necessarily, because they are not Dual Pole (cutting both L and N). Pulling out plugs will always isolate a faulty appliance. Light switches do not reliably isolate faulty lamps.
Fixed appliances such as a boiler or cooker hood will usually have an isolating switch in the wall. Some older or cheaper switches may not have DP isolation.
If it happens again, start by unplugging and switching off everything on the suspect row of circuits. The fault will probably not recur. Then plug in and switch on HALF your devices. If the fault does not recur, unplug those, and plug in the other half. When the fault recurs, you will know which half the fault lies in, and can halve them again.
It's very likely water related.
In some cases you will not be able to track down the fault, typically because there are two or more, and in those cases, you will need a qualified electrician to trace them.