yes, it would.
With no thermostat, you boiler will constantly be heating itself up and trying unsuccessfully to pump hot water around. Hopefully it has a bypass valve, so the heat will be escaping from copper pipes, probably under the floor, from the boiler casing, and out of the flue to warm the sky. This is very uneconomical.
Additionally, if you have turned the boiler off manually because it isn't cold, it will not automatically come back on when the temperature drops. This is uncomfortable.
If you are going away in winter, and want to leave the heating on low to keep the house dry and prevent frost bursts, as required by your insurance company, it will be quite difficult to arrange.
You can get programmable stats now, which allow you to set different temperatures according to day of week and time of day. If you have fires in your living rooms, put the stat in another room that you will want to be heated all the time. The nearer it is to your boiler (or possibly your airing cupboard) the easier it will be to run the cable. I am not fond of wireless stats as they go wrong more often.