The National Curriculum states that in History at KS1 (Y1 and Y2) children should learn about the lives and lifestyles of familiar people in the recent past and about famous people and events in the more distant past, including those from British history. This could be anything and everything that a school chooses to cover in it's themes or topics. The government also publishes detailed schemes of work to support teachers' planning, which many schools choose to use, as it is easier, but they are not compulsory. The schemes of work for KS1 are.....
Unit 1. How are our toys different from those
in the past?
Unit 2. What were homes like a long time ago?
Unit 3. What were seaside holidays like in the past?
Unit 4. Why do we remember Florence Nightingale?
Unit 5. How do we know about the Great Fire of London?
So lots of children will learn about Florence Nightingale and The Great Fire of London, but some won't. In my last school we really tried to move away from those schemes of work as they did get really boring, and tried to develop new stuff based on the children's current interests. The key is ensuring that they develop the historical skills rather than just learning content and facts.
In KS2 some content is compulsory, so at some point between Y3 and Y6 they do have to cover a local history study, three British history studies (Romans, Anglo Saxons and Vikings,Tudors, Victorians or Britain since 1930) , a European history study (Ancient Greece), and a world history study (Ancient Egypt, Ancient Sumer, the Assyrian Empire, the Indus Valley, the Maya, Benin, or the Aztecs ) but schools can choose which and when they cover these.
So those content based questions are rather unfair, as not all children will have covered that specific factual stuff, and they don't have to have done either... Does that all make sense?