@HappilyEducateme
Feb is an unusual leaving date. To leave on December 31 a head must resign by 30 September. So the head might have agreed an extra half term or the governors have not stuck to the standard contractural arrangement in that heads leave at the end of term.
The governors will advertise the job. To be a head, an ideal candidate would be qualified with an NPQH but this is not mandatory. Schools might appoint a deputy but really should look for broad experience at several schools. However a great deputy could be a good fit for headship if they are ready to step up.
Yes. New heads can change how schools work (with good reasons and for the better) but that is their job. They might require different ways of working and, for example, demand high quality teaching and instil rigorous assessment of Dc so data is accurate. Some teachers want the status quo. Others like a challenge.
If a school cannot recruit, the deputy might step in or they might be managed by another local head. These solutions are treading water at best. Getting the right head can be tough but in fact all they need is one outstanding applicant! They cannot appoint more than one head! Choice is ideal but it’s a luxury for many schools. The new head is unlikely to work alongside the old head due to money constraints but should visit.
There can be staff changes when a head arrives. But not always. Very much depends on what the new head wants and how keen the school staff are to make necessary changes. I’ve not seen a new primary head make uniform changes. That’s more a secondary thing (God knows why?).
Staff will feel unsettled at the prospect of a new head but it’s also a time to review practice and improve. Some staff won’t want to do it can lead to turnover. Stability is usually around the corner when the new head settles in and everyone else sees they are a good head. Of course if they are useless……..