Hi allmixedup:
Year R is the last year of the age 3-5 Early Years Foundation Skills - which run in nursery schools in England/ Wales. More info here: www.gov.uk/early-years-foundation-stage & there is a link for more information for parents.
From Y1 - you enter the national curriculum which is currently assessed against National curriculum levels. MN has a guides with more information about assessment in reception & then from Y1 - Y6 and progress through NC levels here: www.mumsnet.com/learning/assessment/introduction
School are required to report your child's progress against national curriculum levels/ SATs results end Y2 and end Y6. However, many schools are now giving parents updates on their DC's progress against NC Levels for reading/ maths/ writing as part of their annual reports to parents on their DC's progress.
Now from Sept 2014 the new national curriculum will be rolled out and as part of that National Curriculum levels appear to be disappearing. What will replace that appears to now be devolved down to individual schools - so I suspect we're in for a period of 'flux'
.
Info on new national curriculum here: www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-curriculum - if you scroll to the bottom you can open up detailed information on what will be taught by year for each area of the curriculum.
So from Y1 your end of year report will probably have a brief summary against key areas of the national curriculum:
English
maths
science
design and technology
history
geography
art and design
music
physical education (PE), including swimming
information and communication technology (ICT)
and possibly...
personal, social and health education (PSHE)
citizenship
modern foreign languages
This will basically be a small novel. A good teacher will include details specific to your child. A less able teacher might include something like your DC enjoyed the visit to X - which in fact happened last year but was cancelled due to poor weather (not that I'm suspecting this is an exercise in the art of cutting & pasting!
).
For you the important thing is to go along the parent/ teacher meetings and try to find out how your DC is doing.
At our school, a group of us have pushed patiently over a number of years for more detail of where our children are assessed at and their targets at the 3x a year meetings - so that we can see that progress is being made. And we have finally achieved this! Hurrah!
Behind the scenes most teachers are expected to raise progress for each child by two NC Level sub-levels (sub-levels work c to b to a and repeat - so say your Y2 DC was scored 2b for maths - his teacher in Y2 would be expected to raise him from 2b to at least 3c in Y3).
HTH