Hi Lukeskywalker
If you haven't discovered it - although still draft - here is the proposed National curriculum for mathematics KS1 - 2. media.education.gov.uk/assets/files/pdf/d/draft%20national%20curriculum%20for%20mathematics%20key%20stages%201%202.pdf
Adding to 20 in your head: definitely a skill by end of KS1 (Y2) at most schools currently
Draft curriculum: target for end Y1: recall and use number bonds and related subtraction facts within 20 p 4 of 28. By end Y2: rapidly recall and use addition and subtraction facts to 20 p. 7 of 28.
This concept is expanded for Y2 as: Ensure pupils practise [yes - their spelling error - although I shan't cast stones] addition and subtraction of number bonds to 20 so that they become fluent in recalling them. This includes using related facts to perform calculations (e.g. using 3 + 7 = 10, 10 - 7 = 3 and 10 ? 3 = 7 to calculate 30 + 70 = 100, 100 - 70 = 30 and 100 ? 30 = 70). p 7 of 28.
So this would imply starting to get some of what you are suggesting - 16 + 16 etc....
But again this may depend on both facility with numbers, recognition of place value (units, tens, hundreds, thousands) and strong working memory.
I can see most Y2 pupils getting the deconstruction of 16 + 16 as equivalent to 10 +10 and 6 + 6 or 20 + 12 which could either go straight to 32 or may need the additional step of 20 + 10 = 30 and then +2.
Once this deconstruction of units, tens, hundreds, etc... is solid then children can indeed work with facility to solve fairly large calculations (addition or subtraction).
Whether this occurs though is another question.
For my DD1 (Y5) - no problem. For DD2 (Y3) - certainly o.k. to hundreds and maybe could do simple 1,000s - like adding 1200 + 1500.
Draft national curriculum has Y2 (P7 of 28)
Add and subtract numbers mentally including:
- a 2-digit number and ones
- a 2-digit number and tens
- two 2-digit numbers
With target for end of Y3 (p. 11 of 28) stating:
accurately add and subtract numbers mentally including: pairs of one- and 2-digit numbers; 3-digit numbers and ones; 3-digit numbers and tens; 3-digit numbers and hundreds & the note suggests these mental calculations should have answers "exceeding 100".
--
Although I do understand that most problems presented to DDs at school are always set out horizontally (e.g. 2999 + 366 = ), to be honest at some stage using a piece of paper and writing the problem vertically just is easier.