Ds1 is 12 and Ds2 is 9.
There are chores they are capable of doing and those they are expected to do. They know what their day to day chores are. Clean up after yourself is the main one, that covers a huge range of things from bed making, clothes into laundry basket, clean your toothpaste spit out of the sink, clear the table, shoes and bags away and coats hung up.
We teach them that not everything is about them, stop asking what is in it for me? Do stuff just to be kind to someone else and in return you may get a favour back. Life isn't fair, the only time you should be looking at what your brother or friend has is to make sure that they have enough.
The main thing I have said is this is not a playground, there is a time and place to do X, I am not trying to spoil your fun I am trying to keep you safe and/or protect the furniture/car/bed etc
They can both unlock the house, put the alarm on and turn it off. They can get breakfast, chop veg, butter bread, Ds1 makes toast.
In the first term of secondary, Ds1 cut raw chicken and fried it in a pan. So kitchen skills. Ds2 could peel an apple under supervision at 6.
I am a firm believer in teach them something, talk it through, it doesn't mean they have do that all the time, just understand the process like putting washing into a washing machine and knowing when it is full. Putting powder in and turning it to the right setting, unpacking a dishwasher, hoovering a room.
Also exactly what Back said. Talk through stuff. Because I have boys they have been going into the men's toilets for years. I tend to send them together, but they have a clear understanding of what to do if they feel uncomfortable in there. I tell them that they can say no to people, and if they are wrong about that judgement call I would rather them be safe than be involved in an incident that haunts them forever. Basically it is ok to be wrong.
I am a SAHM which gave them the wrong impression at a very young age where they believed they would have "a wife" who would do all the things I do now
sooo funny. I reminded them that I worked, full time, then part time after Ds1 before the SAHM bit and that Dh does loads on a weekend in terms of unpacking the dishwasher, cooking meals etc
I am raising children to be fully functioning adults. That at 16 I expect them to be able to do everything that I do. (I went to uni and there were people, male and female, who couldn't cook, had never shopped for food or budgeted money before) 