Ah bless your DD. I dont post much but am venturing on during my lunch break because I have been where your DD is and my heart goes out to her.
I was in a tough girl driven bullying situation for most of my primary years. It was very hard a various points: times when no girl in my class would touch me (if they were forced to be my partner to walk in pairs they'd pull the sleeve of their jumper down over their hand to avoid this) and then later, several years of a circle of girls waiting for me in the playground everyday to take me apart (mentally not physically) before school. This was before the years of bullying policies etc, and it was very subtle - anytime i saught teacher help it backfired, so i learned not to do that.
Know this: I not only survived it, there is no doubt in my mind it has played a part in the person i am today (mid thirties, very happy life, husband, family, lots of lovely friends, great career).
Here are some thoughts on what I would say / do if this comes up for my DD (she's too little at the moment):
- Repeat, show, repeat, show that there is nothing wrong with her and how much you love her. Her home and her family are her haven as she gets through this. That will help, in the end.
- Talk over with her how stuff like this is part of life. It is something more or less everybody has to deal with at somepoint, very often at school, or at work. It can be very hard, and horrible to live through. however learning to cope with it (both making changes and just surviving it / riding it out) is a very useful life skill.
I've never had similar problems as an adult, though i have been in various adult situations where these things have been around - it is part of human behaviour - I am sure that my experience helped me to navigate those situations.
- Encourage her to become a bit more analytical about what is going on. Who is inviting who, where? What might be the reasons behind it? Especially for girls, all this stuff are proxy power battles in my opinion. Some learn early that there is 'fun' in playing people off against each other, hinting at an invite then inviting someone else, leaving someone out.
Encourage her to consider who she really likes too (as opposed to liking how she feels, or imagines she would feel, if they invited her). Also, consider: what is / might be going on for those girls that really seem popular / powerful?
More often than not, their behaviour is driven by insecurity; they get a kick out of manipulating the girls around them. Certainly this was true of the perpetrator in my situation although i only really see that looking backwards.
- Use some material to develop this skill - TV shows to watch and discuss together. Gossip Girl could be good for this - it has a recurring dynamic of a Queen Bee figure and the girls that orbit around her. Over the series, they show how there's always a Queen Bee, and if one grows up / moves on/ stops being so bitchy; another comes along to take her place. Much truth in this in my opinion. It might be a bit 'old' in terms of other stuff in it (sex, drugs) though all that stuff will be coming down the track too soon! (also might give her a bit of kudos to be allowed to watch something a bit 'old' for her). Likewise American Pie has plot lines about how rumours are started and spread around secondary/ high school. The recent documentary Educating the East end also followed some friendship dynamics that were pretty clear.
- Likewise encourage her to stand back and observe, analyse the many ways, being, or becoming a teenager is about become part of a 'pack' (of teenagers) and starting to separate from your family. Talk over this dynamic. How it manifests in choices around material things, and taste in music, tv, etc. Conforming so that you can be part of the 'pack' is part of understanding and playing the game. How does it operate in her school? Who starts trends? How? How do they behave when others do or don't pick up on it?
For me a massive breakthrough moment was, aged about 8 or 9, pursuading my mum to allow me to wear a different pair of shoes to school. I had sensible round toed school shoes, there was a craze for girls in my class to wear 'party' shoes with sparkles and a little heel to school (hey, it was the 80s). My mum wouldn't le me wear them, but we compromised on a different pair that were a bit more party, and like a pair another in the cool girl pack had. I went in to school all pleased. The girl bullying me whipped up her entourage to laugh hysterically at the copying of this other girl. In that moment of humiliation I had a massive epiphany: It wasn't the shoes. Hell, it wasn't me. It didn't matter what I did or didn't wear or changed, she would find reasons to tease me, laugh at me, exclude me, try and make me feel bad. No, it wasn't me, IT WAS HER!
Big turning point for me. In truth it didnt kill off my problems immediately, once you are locked in a dynamic with a certain set of people it is harder to change it than start over somewhere new, and this girl well knew which buttons to press to make me loose again. but things did get a lot better from there, and I promise you this early insight has never left me. I genuinely do not care what the average person thinks. Friends, family, people i have chosen to be an importatn part of my life, sure. But the rest: any opinions or teasing, it just rolls off me. And hence i have never been on the wrong side of a bullying situation since.
Having said all that, i agree with other posters about hte importance of conforming, somewhat, at school, blending in can be a smart tactical move, and doing that knowingly is a useful life skill.
- Encourage her to do some activites with groups out of school. This was also really helpful for me. I did lots of other stuff, regular clubs etc. it was a small town so my bullier was in a lot of those same clubs with me. But there, for whatever reason, the dynamic was different, and I was happier / more popular, and got a lot less of her stick - she needed her entourage of school friends to make her powerful.
- Overall, reassure her that whatever happens this will pass and things will get better. In adult life friendship circles are more fluid, being 'popular' much less of a thing. One of ther hardest things about been a child / teenager is navigating this stuff!
Finally, OP I wonder if it might be a good idea for you to step back and reflect on what this is triggering for you? If it is bringing back memories for you, it is hard for you to support your daugther, rather than re live your own tough times. Can you discuss this with her, and agree that you will both work on finding answers that are right for each of you. (and the answer might be about loving and accepting yourself for who you are; choosing the right friends for you; gaining confidence and becoming more 'popular', or a combination of all of these things.
Good luck to you both xx