headinhands
You asked what the Amalekites did wrong.
I will bullet point some information as much of it is repeating what I’ve already said.
• We all deserve the same fate because of our sin
• It seems that the main issue here is not whether God commanded genocide, or fair judgement, but whether the same God who loved a world of sinners and show mercy towards us could also command death of some of those sinners
• The Amalekites were not foreigners to God, they were descendants of Esau, brother of Jacob.
• They were not Canaanites and the people of Israel were not about to take their land. Numbers 20 v 17 says: “Please let us pass through your land. We will not pass through field or vineyard, or drink water from a well. We will go along the King’s Highway. We will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left until we have passed through your territory.”
• The Amalekites hated Israel right from the start and attacked them when they were at their most vulnerable, without provocation.
• The Amalekites attacked those who were most weary – stragglers at the end of the group. And who do you think this would have been? The sick, elderly, women, and children.
• Israel have a lot of wars between the time of Moses and the time of Saul, but they never once attack the Amalekites.The Amalekites attack Israel though. In Numbers 14:45, they attack Israel again while they are still in the desert. In Judges 3:13 they join in with the Moabites in attacking Israel. In Judges 6:3, they invade Israel “whenever the Israelites planted their crops”, and together with the Midianites “devour the produce of the land… and leave no sustenance in Israel and no sheep or ox or donkey” (6:4).
• The Amalekites were the nation who more than any other tried to destroy Israel, trying from the very birth of Israel, 200-400 years before the command in 1 Samuel 15, and they would continue for another 600 years.
So lots of reasons for God to fight against the Amalekites. But we still haven’t really dealt with the issue—why does God command such a strong judgement here?
One seems to be that the Amalekites were notorious for killing children when they attacked (1 Sam 15:33), so it is repayment in kind.
Another reason is the one given in Exodus 17.
“The Lord will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.” (Exod 17:16b)
God knew that the Amalekites would always oppose Israel—that the children of the Amalekites would do it when they grew up, and their descendants too—as we see with Haman in the book of Esther.
But God let them have a way out if they chose. If an Amalekite decided that they didn’t want to fight against Israel they could easily have decided to be a Kenite—dressing themselves up as a Kenite and just slipping off. Remember the Amalekites’ national identity was set up against Israel and against God’s plan to bless the world. But they all had the opportunity for a way out if they would but stop their wicked ways. They just had to renounce their identity as being the main target against Israel and stop doing it! Maybe some of them did. But many of them didn’t.
So It’s not exactly genocide, is it?
So the command in 1 Samuel 15:3 looks a lot less like genocide, and a lot more like “If anyone—man, woman, child, whoever—doesn’t take the chance to give up their identity as Amalekites and therefore also their opposition to Israel, then kill them. And make sure that you don’t profit from doing it.”
It is then questionable whether it is indeed a genocide in the modern sense. It doesn’t involve dehumanisation of the ethnic group; it doesn’t seem to involve lack of mercy or love. But it is destroying the identity of a nation that has set itself against God and his plan to bless the world, and all who cling to that identity. And as such, it is indeed a picture of the eventual fate that awaits all those who set themselves irrevocably against God and refuse to repent.