My 4 nearly 5yo can be a bit like this.
I do think that he has poor emotional regulation and we are working on this. There is also a query speech delay although he understands well and we have an appointment but not until November.
But.... the more I read about emotional regulation I realised that this is something I struggle with as well. And I started to notice and realise that I am also pretty quick to raise my voice and respond in an irritated tone/shout, in response to the slightest frustration. DH is a bit more patient than me, but also has this tendency to some extent and I think we unintentionally model what we don't want.
For example, we will often ask him nicely to do something, but if he doesn't do it, then we revert to an annoyed tone. Or if he is already doing something that he isn't supposed to be doing, I've noticed that we tend to reprimand him with a harsher tone, and I think this is actually what he's reproducing when we hear him speaking in a way that we don't like.
So I've been using a few different resources.
Zones of regulation - helpful to contextualise red zone (shouting, tantrums etc), green zone (calm) and that it's not REALLY a sudden change from one to the other, there are signs in between (yellow zone). I feel like for me I go from green to red with no warning signs, but there are. I just have to learn to notice them. This is a helpful skill for DC to learn too.
Conscious Discipline Becky A Bailey. I haven't got too far with this yet but it's really good because it starts from a foundation of learning about your own emotional regulation. Using mirror neurons to help DC calm down - get down to their level and take a big, obvious, deep breath - their mirror neurons should then trigger them to breathe more slowly too (this may not work with children on the autism spectrum). But doing that also helps ME remember to breathe which helps me react in a calmer way. This is conscious in terms of not just repeating whatever patterns our parents modelled to us, and discipline in terms of training yourself (e.g. discipline in martial arts, meditation, dedication etc). There are also some breathing excersises that I have printed the icons and put them around the house - you can find the exercises on youtube. We do them randomly just for fun, as they are modelled like young kids' action games/songs, but that has also meant that the DC have started pointing to them and want to do them at times of stress as well.
Lastly there is a positive parenting course on Coursera called The ABCs of Everyday Parenting, from Yale University. There are some parts which I don't particularly agree with, and some of it seems totally obvious and even patronising, but I've been using some of the tips from it specifically:
- The wording/suggested way to "prompt" a preferred behaviour (even when I'm annoyed, I try to stick to this, rather than saying "Leave your brother ALONE!" across the room in an annoyed tone).
- The wording/suggested way to praise the wanted behaviour (asking for something nicely) - this comes across as way OTT but actually, he responds well to it.
- Looking for/identifying the specific opposite behaviour that I'm trying to encourage and being able to see the difference.
- Shaping ie rewarding/praising a slight improvement.
So to put this all together, when DS is being screamy and demanding, I take a deep breath myself, or even step away for a moment (help me bring my conscious brain "back online" rather than being drawn into fight-or-flight through irritation), go to him and take a deep breath for him to hopefully copy (does not always work), then touch his arm and remind him to ask nicely. Sometimes I'll also give him the exact phrase that he is supposed to say. Then when/if he does ask properly, or reduce the tone of irritation, then the specific praise again.
It does seem to be helping a bit.