Hi Smallcat,
Sorry to hear of your childs problems.
This issue is a very hard one to treat, it takes a very long time for a child to 'forget' the painful times that have got the child to the point of holding poo.
The fact that the anus is painful will also make the child hold back even if not constipated.
USe some form of cream on the anal/perianalregion,(also wiping as necessary to keep it clean) to encourage some healing to happen. Any good nappy cream should help somewhat.
When constipation or holding gets to the point that loose poo is oozing out of the child it is called Encopresis. What happens is the bowel stretches to accommodate all the poo that isn't coming out. This can go on and on and on. All that happens is the childs bowel becomes fuller and fuller, with the backlog moving up through the bowel.
The child is sometimes very miserable with sore tummies etc..but not all are like this. Some kids have very poor appetites also.
It can also cause our children to have urinary infections by not allowing the bladder to empty fully if the full bowel is pushing against it.
My own daughter has had encopresis.
Now, 2 years after treatment began, she can still have constipation, but no longer 'soils'
She still needs medication, all our children do, for a long time, it is not to just get them pooing a couple of times, then stop medicine, it has to be kept going.
Sometimes blowing up a balloon can help as it uses corect muscles needed. It also helps entertain the child! as does colouring in, reading to them whilst on pot or toilet, etc, when they are sooo scared, it is for a starter, trying to at least have a 'sit' as fun...not reason to be scared, which they are, particularly when they are sore.
You really need to find a supportive and caring doctor to help both you and your child, like I have said, it is not fast fix. You will need support and guidance.
A wonderful forum that is all about encopresis is
aboutencopresis.com
there is a lot of information to be found there, also wonderful support. There are many of us, worldwide, affected by this problem.
Thinking of you,
Rosebudz.