Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin discovered what the universe was made of. Literally - it's mainly hydrogen. Unfortunately she was told not to publish at the time she proposed this, as it flew in the face of all current theory. The supervisor who told her not to do so later published the theory himself, and got most of the credit, though in fairness he credited her work himself in his own. In the 1920s this was simply ignored.
The actress Hedy Lamarr invented wi-fi. Back in the 1940s - we know that because she took out a patent on the idea, which is why a company wanting to utilise her suggestions paid her to do so as recently as 1998. Bluetooth is based on it. She wanted to support the war effort at the time; it wasn't meant to make her rich.
The atom wasn't only split by Hahn and two other chaps, despite their being the ones to snaffle the Nobel Prize. In fact letters written between him and his colleague, Lise Meitner, indicate the final leap was made by her.
The role of chromosomes in determining sex was established by Nettie Stevens in 1905. Unfortunately for her, the man who widely promoted this theory was also her boss and the writer of her obituary (she died of breast cancer in 1912), so when he said she was pretty much just a technician and obscured her role, he got all the credit.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell, when a PhD candidate, observed the first pulsars. Her supervisor was initially pretty dismissive but once convinced, co-authored a paper with her along with 3 other astro-physicists. She was named second, her supervisor first... yet despite her key role and provision of the most significant data, she was not awarded the Nobel Prize for the work when her supervisor and another male colleague were.
Rosalind Franklin is not an outlier or even unusual - in her discoveries, or the overlooking of them. I remember these women when I hear people insist that there aren't any brilliant women scientists (or artists, or writers). It makes me wonder how many we just don't know about at all, and who can't be rediscovered once their paperwork is unearthed by feminist researchers, existed down the years, supporting the research done by their fathers, husbands and brothers.