Research by LSE's Prof Sir John Hills indicated that, on average, baby boomers are net beneficiaries of the welfare state, receiving more in benefits than they contribute in taxes, while subsequent generations are likely to be net contributors.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
Prof. Sir John Hills' Research:
Prof. Hills' work, published in the chapter "Distribution and redistribution" in "Inequality and the State," found that baby boomers, born between 1946 and 1964, have received more from the welfare state than they contributed to it.
Net Beneficiaries:
This means that, over their lifetimes, baby boomers are projected to receive more in benefits (such as pensions, healthcare, and other welfare services) than they pay in taxes.
Net Contributors:
In contrast, subsequent generations, such as millennials and Gen Z, are projected to be net contributors, meaning they will pay more in taxes than they receive in benefits.
Example:
Hills estimated that people born between 1951 and 1956 will receive in services 116 percent of what they contributed in tax, while people born between 1956 and 1961 will receive 118 percent.
Factors Contributing to this:
Boom in Welfare Spending: The welfare state expanded during the time when baby boomers were in their working years, leading to higher spending on benefits.
Tax Cuts: Baby boomers have also benefited from tax cuts, further increasing their net benefits.
Austerity Cuts: Austerity measures have led to cuts in benefits for working-age people, potentially leading to subsequent generations being net contributors.