The Civil Service Alpha pension accrues at 1/43 per year. This is the Career Average one you’d join.
It is defined benefit, so what you will get is determined and you can know it now. Quite what you pay in/employer pays in could vary a bit over time, but what you get out won’t.
As it accrues at 1/43, an easy way think if it is that if you earned £43k you’d add £1k to your pension each year. In 10 years, your pension would be more than £10k from state retirement age as it would have also had been index linked for inflation.
Notice the current pensions are linked to state retirement age. That means you can only get the full amount at that point. You can retire early and take the pension from 10 years before your state retirement age, but it will be actuarially reduced as you’ll receive payment for longer. You can stop working sooner and not take it until state retirement age with no impact.
What you pay in is determined by your salary and is a % as people said. This could be adjusted by government over time, but probably not much. It is true that the government is maki g contributions of over 27% to the pension. Whilst it is true this high, o paring to what a private sector employer would pay into a private pension isn’t a very useful comparison, because that 27% isn’t directly connected to what you get out as it’s not defined contribution but defined benefit. If the government suddenly say the employer must pay more in, you will still accrue at 1/43. So yes, one reason why the pensions can be generous is because the employer pays lots in, but actually this pension is funded through general taxation and not directly via the contributions you make.
It is a good pension. Think £1k boost to pension every year for £43k earned. If you earn more each year it will grow by more than £1k and if less, by less. You’d have to pay vast amounts into a defined contribution pension in order to deliver a pension pot that could yield £10k per year via annuity or drawdown...probably a pot of £500k would be needed.