Hi mim, I know the area West of Cambridge fairly well so hope this helps.
There is Cambourne 10 miles out West - a big new village (it is only 10 years old and still being built) where there are three good primary schools and is in catchment for a v good secondary school. Lots of houses being built. Its split into 3 - Lower, Great and Upper Cambourne. Great C is more highly though of as it is the oldest bit and therefore more established and a bit nicer laid out. Lower is ok but furthest from the village amenities (supermarket, chemist, pub, library, etc). Upper is the newest bit and is still a bit of a building site. All of it is v family friendly, three parks, lots of after school acitivities, etc.
Hardwick is quite a nice village about 5 miles West from Cambridge, there is a good primary, shop, post office and a pub. Its much nicer than the main road past it suggests. There is a big 60s estate which is v family friendly with lots of green space etc.
Both of these are on a decent bus route into Cambridge and to St Neots which is a medium sized town about 15 miles west of Cambridge (St Neots has good train links to London and the North if you need them).
Other nice villages along the same route are Caldecote/Highfields, Caxton, Bourne, Eltisley but I don't know them very well.
There is also Dry Drayton which is about the same distance out as Hardwick. It is quite nice, has a primary school, pub and shop. Don't know it v well but have heard good things about it.
Closer in to town are Madingley and Coton, both v pretty villages but they don't have much in the way of facilities. I don't think Madingley has a school either but am not 100% sure.
There are also some quite nice villages closer to St Neots - The Gransdens are v quaint but again I don't know them all to well.
HTH