In terms of transport in to work, then look at the cross city train line. Sorry I don't know all the stations (or areas) to the North - which might be preferable to you if you have family and friends in Derby still ???
In the South, depending where on Broad St, he would either get off at Five Ways or New Street.
Next out is University (literally - nowhere to live there if you don't have a million to spare)
Then Selly Oak - around the station there are nearly all student lets, you don't want to live there
Then Bournville. Now that's worth a look. Bournville Village Trust is lovely (and probably out of your price range) but bordering there is Stirchley which has quite a community feel to it now. Lots of roads of terraced housing, good transport, schools, lot of young families, parks etc.
Then Kings Norton Station which is on the border of Kings Norton and Cotteridge. Cotteridge very similar (and next) to Stirchley - lots of terraced housing, schools, shops, take aways, a lovely park. Would be worth a look. Kings Norton is really, really mixed - some beautiful houses way out of your price range (and mine
) and some really, really deprived areas all come under the name 'Kings Norton'. Have a mooch around and come back and ask with roads.
Next station is Northfield. Again, covers a multitude of different areas, although not as extreme as Kings Norton. Lots of schools, a High Street, swimming baths, library, park, etc. etc.
then Longbridge. This is where the big car plant closed down several years ago, so there's been a lot of recent regeneration. Housing is mainly what was built for the car plant workers. It's not the most attractive of areas but they are working hard to improve it and the new housing is nice, overlooking Cofton Park.
Hopefully someone will be along soon to tell you about the North side 
Ask away if you find an area and want to know about it - there's a lot of Brummies on MN.