Key difference is that people tend not to move around the country as much as in UK, so people usually live near extended family. Because of this childminders are few and far between, as family do it. Ditto toddler groups, especially outside major cities, they just don't exist. Kids play with siblings and family, and families are well established so all know each other.
Many guarderies (nurseries) won't let you do only one or two days - it's 5 days a week for the place and that's it. They'll accept little ones for a couple of hours a day only, but if you have a place you pay 5 days no matter how much time you use. I think this is quite common. Staff ratios are different: 12 kids per adult mostly at nursery.
They start school at 3, the cut off date for year entry is January to December. ie ds's birthday is in Nov, so he actually started school when he was still 2, and his friend who is 6 weeks younger is in the year below.
Most state run schools operate 9am-2pm only and all extra curricular stuff happens in the afternoon, supervised or organised by parents. Not sure until what age this is, but I see quite a few teenagers around most afternoons so think it's quite far up the system.
The learning style is largely "chalk and talk", book-driven learning. Younger years do some learning through play, but not as much as in britain. This is the main reason we've gone for an itnernational school, because ds's learning style is very hands-on.
All of this is nothing to do with regulations, but maybe helps to have a bit of background in case you didn't already!