As you have found out, I believe that all the international schools are either in Paris or to the west. I can't think of any to the north or east, unless I am overlooking something.
Obviously a lot of people will live in the north east suburbs and commute to Paris for work, so the commuter lines are well established. However, the RER B which covers the north east suburbs isn't the most reliable of lines, and depending on the age of your children you may find it quite crowded and stressful and peak times. You can look at ratp.fr cross referenced with an RER map to see journey times from various north easterly stations into Paris.
I think that commuting from the north east out to the west could end up being reeeally long, and would definitely necessitate changes of trains etc.
In terms of where to live: as with many big cities, the more well-heeled, leafy and prosperous suburbs are to the west, particularly St Germain, Marly le Roi, Versailles etc. The immediate north (Saint Denis, Aubervilliers, La Courneuve) is, generally speaking, not very nice and to be avoided. Due east you have a few very nice, charming towns - Vincennes, St Mande, St Maur. However, you also have a lot of dross. I'd say the majority of the suburban towns to the east / north east (and lots in the south as well) are perfectly fine and safe, but really lacking in any kind of character or personality, and sometimes low on amenities. This is my big gripe with living in the suburbs of Paris really. In London, lots of the areas in zones 2, 3, 4 etc have their own character, their own personality, their own vibe with plenty of things to do in their own right, which doesn't necessitate going into the centre of London for entertainment. In Paris, the suburbs are really just residential areas with little atmosphere or character, and you are forced to go into Paris if you want to do something beyond go to the local cinema or visit the obligatory handful of local restaurants.
All that said...I don't know the north east particularly well, so maybe I am not aware of some gem of a town up there that someone else might be able to point you to...