I think that planning reports should be available after a decision has been made. So that should show the thinking of the planner. Either in recommending refusal and it being refused then by the chief planner under delegated powers, or by the committee of councillors. Or by recommending permission, and that recommendation being overturned by the committee of elected members.
The report should refer to the relevant planning policies/the national planning policy framework and should explain how a conclusion has been reached in balancing the material planning considerations.
The reason/s for refusal should be clearly linked to the planning policies and the appraisal of the proposal in the report.
You say this is the second application to be refused. If the second application has addressed the concerns raised by the first, then I think I'd be appealing and coming to the conclusion that the council (either the chief planner, or the committee) are just not going to grant permission. So best to appeal.
You seem to have concerns that there might be something 'off' in the way the case is being handled. You're totally entitled to that opinion, but generally I'd say that would be very unlikely. If it's the case that the committee are just vetoing, it could be that the objectors are being given too much weight in the decision making. If the case is never getting to the committee and is being refused by the chief planner under delegated powers, then it's more likely (in my opinion) that there's a fundamental issue with your scheme.
The whole point of the planning inspectorate is that there is no local knowledge or experience - the inspector will not have practised or worked in the area and will be able to view the proposal in relation to planning policy with no bias (intended or unintended).
Sorry for the screed, and I know it doesn't really relate to your original enquiry. Response to that is that objections and support letters are part of the public record and it is not generally possible to object to or support a proposal anonymously. The planning file is public. That's part of the reason why I always say that the work of the planners is to imagine the legitimate planning objections, regardless of whether they have actually been submitted, because it's not unknown for people to not want to object because they don't want to antagonise their neighbours.