Let's face it: people here drink to excess in part because it's seen as socially acceptable to drink to get drunk.
AND, there is no real negative conseqence to being openly drunk and even a nasty drunk.
The police mostly just send people home or break up arguments.
In some countries, being publicly drunk means fines and even going to jail. Crimes committed get punished big time.
Also a lot of people don't learn to have fun any other way. They come to associate a good time with getting drunk.
I never thought of this until I was talking with some ERASMUM university students, one from Italy and one from Germany, and they asked if I knew anyone who liked to play cards (is the Pope Catholic? I love playing cards).
They despaired, 'No one here plays games. They just want to get drunk. There's nowhere public to have fun here in the evenings besides a pub.'
There is truth in that statement, and as long as that and the attitude towards being publicly drunk persist, you'll have teens killing each other and themselves in every city centre every weekend.
Things like minimum pricing and studies and what not won't work until you start cracking the stick at public drunkenness.