Well, slim, it's an incredibly knotty issue and I don't think one that can be addressed here. But I'll have a quick go
I do think that the blame is not entirely with white Australia (as I think it probably largely was with white South Africa). Many Aboriginal communities have huge, utterly pervasive substance-abuse problems. I think that there is growing recognition of the obligation of all Australians to help Aboriginal communities overcome this, even if the necessary measures are quite draconian. The government recently banned the sale or consumption of alcohol in certain areas of the Northern Territory. There was a bit of liberal hand-wringing, but from what I've read, Aboriginal women in particular love the system - it's cut down domestic violence dramatically.
There does seem to be a certain uneasiness about the appropriate level of intervention, probably because of the Stolen Generation scandal, when Aboriginal children were taken from their perfectly competent, loving parents and placed with white carers and trained to become domestic servants (as in the case of this girl - I gather there was a lot of angst because they didn't want to place her with white foster-carers).
On one hand, self-determination means exactly that - as a community, you are responsible for sorting out your own problems. On the other, cases like this show that maybe full self-determination isn't working and that the government should be a bit quicker to intervene to protect the vulnerable.
There are also tensions between modern Australian values and some Aboriginal cultural practices, such as promised marriage (young girls can be betrothed to much older men, and from what I understand, with betrothal comes the right for the man to have sex with the girl).
Personally I have no time for cultural relativism and think the government needs to overrule "cultural traditions" when they're damaging to children. If they wouldn't let, say, a Middle Eastern immigrant take a 13-year-old wife because it's acceptable in his culture, I don't think an Aboriginal man should be allowed to do it either just because his ancestors were in the country first. That 10-year-old girl is an Australian citizen and should be entitled to exactly the same protection as every other 10-year-old Australian citizen, but sometimes that conflicts with the (dare I say) oversensitive hands-off approach to indigenous communities.