Institute for Employment Studies - IES Viewpoint: The UK labour market after recession and austerity: normal business resumed?
In short:
Employment: Much jobs growth during this period has been ‘underemployment’. This includes surging self-employment (which hit 4.5 million, over 15 per cent of the employed workforce), which was as likely to be part-time freelancers and ‘odd jobbers’ keeping a toehold in the labour market as dynamic entrepreneurs setting up sustainable businesses. Among employees, part-time work grew strongly, with record numbers doing this not through choice but in the absence of full-time alternatives. Arguably, if this under-employment was a temporary phenomenon keeping people in some form of work during the downturn, it may not have been a disaster. The jury is out, but it’s interesting that the past few months have seen falls in self-employment and involuntary part-time work as full-time jobs and job vacancies grew strongly.
Concerns about labour productivity : Following a period when UK productivity was catching up with international competitors, the recession saw a major slump in output per hour.
What’s more concerning is that the productivity stagnation has continued long after the recession, and GDP per hour remains below its 2008 level.
Unemployment: Despite the recovery, concerns remain about those trapped in long-term unemployment, and large numbers of school leavers whose first labour market experience has been an unsuccessful struggle to find work. These groups are likely to remain targets of government policy intervention in the labour market for the foreseeable future. So far, so familiar.
Skills shortage and mismatch in the labour market may be re-emerging.
Falling real wages and squeezed living standards have been a persistent leitmotif throughout the recession and recovery, and those in work experienced the longest fall in real wages in living memory.
With some targeted exceptions, the challenge is less to do with the number of jobs available in the economy, and more to do with the quality of the jobs and how much they pay, and with the skills and productivity of the people doing them. The exceptions relate to those groups in the labour force for whom the labour market and government policy have persistently failed to find sustainable employment – some groups of young people, the long-term unemployed, and people with health conditions and disabilities. This area of public policy is crying out for innovative approaches, and efforts to generate and innovation (e.g. through involvement of the private sector in public employment services) have not so far been a notable triumph.