This is from the Telegraph.
Yes, Assad was heavy-handed when people protested against him in 2011
'From the outset, the government’s reaction was heavy-handed. Protestors were beaten, shot and disappeared without trace.
Street protests quickly turned into an armed rebellion, with a loose coalition of groups fighting under the broad banner of the Free Syrian Army.'
www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10120350/Syrian-crisis-explained-QandA.html
BBC says
"2011 July - President Assad sacks the governor of the northern province of Hama after mass demonstration there, eventually sending in troops to restore order at the cost of scores of lives. Opposition activists meet in Istanbul to form a unified opposition.
2011 October - Newly formed Syrian National Council says it has forged a common front of internal and exiled opposition activists. Russia and China veto UN resolution condemning Syria."
www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14703995
So now there is a movement to overthrow Assad i.e. effectively a revolution against the governing regime.
Telegraph says
"Who are the rebels?
Early on, most were ordinary Syrians who abandoned their normal lives to take up arms. Most were moderate Muslims. They repeatedly appealed for military aid from the West. But concerns about their chaotic power structure delayed any decisions.
By mid-2012, significant numbers of Sunni jihadist fighters from the Arab world and European countries including Britain began arriving. In some areas extremists are now the dominant force in the rebellion , which raised concerns in the West that any weapons supplied would “fall into the wrong hands”.
Telegraph and BBC don't mention who is funding the Jihadis and Al Qaeda, but that is mainly Sunni Saudi Arabia. Shiite Hizbollah has joined in to help prevent the Sunni Al Qaeda and Jijadis gaining ascendancy in Syria and they have been a major reason why Assad is currently winning.
Saudi Arabia is spending billions trying to overthrow Assad and has even offered Russia a deal if it drops support for Syria
www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/10266957/Saudis-offer-Russia-secret-oil-deal-if-it-drops-Syria.html
The Saudis are spending billions for "human rights", because there ar precious few of those in Saudi Arabia itself. This is about dominance in oil and gas provision and about destroying the unity of the Syrian state in order to weaken Syria and its future position in that region
As this article in the Guardian said
"Syria intervention plan fueled by oil interests, not chemical weapon concern
Massacres of civilians are being exploited for narrow geopolitical competition to control Mideast oil, gas pipelines"
www.theguardian.com/environment/earth-insight/2013/aug/30/syria-chemical-attack-war-intervention-oil-gas-energy-pipelines