British Cycling is doing a lot to encourage youngsters. The club that ds goes to has a large supply of track bikes (kept in a container
) as well as some mountain bikes and road bikes for those that don't have them. At the moment the track cycling is done outside as our new velodrome is not yet complete (being built for the Commonwealth Games :)). On dry days, ds always wants to get there early do he can be sure of getting one of the track bikes (he hates mountain biking). The club also (I think) gets finding from Glasgow City Council. The club costs something like £40 a year.
So all kids need is a helmet.
For the first year, British Cycling gives free Silver membership (which gives you your racing Licence). Race entry fees are between £3 and £5. Of course, there is still the cost of getting to the races - but having kids who do anything is not cheap.
The state secondary that ds is about to go to (in 12 days!
) is one of SRU's Rugby Academies, which means that he will get 4 sessions of rugby a week (1 of his PE sessions, 2 sessions from his classes on a rotational basis and one after-school session)) so sports organisations are trying to get to grass roots level.
The same school "spawned" Robert Millar, who won the "King of Mountains" jersey in the Tour de France in 1984. (OK, that was a long time ago)
The Scottish swimmer Michael Jamieson, who's just won a silver medal, went to the Glasgow School of Sport - another state school, one which is specifically set up to encourage a number of sports.
My niece, at another state school in Glasgow, rows at school and they won the Scottish Championships for 4s (not sure if it was sculling or rowing).
So it is possible for state schools to encourage and develop top level sportspeople.
BTW: Rugby isn't necessarily an expensive sport, at least not where we are: junior membership is £50 a year, no match fees (although we do encourage parents and coaches to make cakes when we have visiting teams for the cake stall we use to raise funds). We also have a boot bag for people to put "grown-out" off boots into, so that you don't necessarily need to buy boots. There are match-day kit (from having gone out to get sponsorship). On training days, they just need to wear stuff that they can move in and that you don't mind getting dirty. The only expense that is unavoidable is the compulsory gum shields - but you can get cheap ones for £2. We do NOT encourage any body armour. Scrum caps are about the only body protection tolerated - and even that is only if you are going into the scrum seriously (which only starts at secondary).