I've only just got my head around a "grown up" laundry routine in my thirties, and my Mum has had lots of phone calls along the lines of "Hi! Yeah I was just thinking about you and wanted to say hello..... oh that sounds lovely..... Great..... Anyway yeah so I've got this wool jumper I need to wash.....". Don't be embarrassed to ask 
- Sort properly in the first place - to save time I have seperate places for different types of wash so loads are pre-sorted as they are put in the laundry in the first place.
Your categories are going to vary depending on what clothes you have but mine are:
Delicates (lacy underwear, tops with embellishment/lacy detail, wool)
Darks/brights
Lights/whites
Towels (mine are all white anyway, I also wash coloured bath mat/hand towels separately)
Bedding (I cheat here, change bedding weekly and send a months worth to the launderette!)
Tea towels & microfibre cloths
Dog towels
Sorting has a bunch of advantages. Some things need different temperatures- most clothes will do at 40, some delicate items need 30, towels I always do at 60. Washing bright/dark colours separately from light/white clothing helps stop white clothes going grey or pink. I also have some net pods to put bras in to protect them in the wash.
2.Choose an appropriate setting for each load. This is going to depend massively on your machine, but temperature differences as above, and lower spin rates for delicate things. Use less detergent than you think. I prefer gel that you put in a little pod in the machine, less fussy. I try to keep things out of the drawers so there's less cleaning of drawers to do. I might pre-treat a big stain with something designed for that. Fabric softener is personal preference, but definitely not on towels.
- Take it out, hang out on the airer what can't/shouldn't be tumble dried (check symbols on labels). I put most things on an airer, but put hanging things on hangers to dry. I don't iron.
In terms of not forgetting, getting into a routine is key. I "do laundry" in the morning and evening as part of my home routine- it's a check box in a routines app to remind me. "Do laundry" might be check laundry baskets and put a load on if one is full (advantage of pre-sorting means I can instantly see this); check machine and get load out if it was put on this morning/last night; check drier and fold/put away any dry clothes. Routines help with efficiency in general, and ticking off check boxes in a routine reminder app gets me doing it!
Laundry has now become a bit of a happy thing for me, because I feel I'm in control of it I actually kind of enjoy doing it.